Birds

Guide to the Birds of a Wildlife Reserve in Baixo Alentejo

All Photographs were taken by the website author on the reserve unless otherwise stated.

Species	Notes	Photographs	Photographs	Photographs
Little Grebe Tachybaptus ruficollis ruficollis Mergulhão pequeno	Breeding Resident.	Adult Little Grebe.	Three Little Grebe chicks.	Little Grebe with Four chicks, one riding on Adult's back.
		Little Grebe chasing away intruder Grebe.	Little Grebe chasing away intruder Grebe.	On nest.
		Juvenile Little Grebe with Dragonfly larva prey.	Little Grebe, probably a female,with (at least) 2 day or two day-old Chicks on her back.	Little Grebe with just its head above water. Little Grebes do this when they have seen possible threats and keep themselves partly hidden until they are safe to come fully to the surface.
		Territorial Male Little Grebe chasing away rival male.	Little Grebe chick with prey - possibly a Larval Newt.	Juvenile Little Grebe and parent close by.
		Little Grebe in non-breeding plumage. Probably a grown up chick from an earlier or last year's brood.	Adult.	Little Grebe chick swallowing prey.
		Little Grebe with prey in bill. Probably a large tadpole of some sort.	Chick losing its stripes as it moults into Juvenile plumage.	Little Grebe nest platform at edge of Windmill Pond (in centre of photograph).
		Little Grebe in safety-mode, partly submerged.	Adult Little Grebe with its three chicks.	Photographed on the same day (Late May) as the adult with chicks. A new Little Grebe nest with four eggs.
			Little Grebe diving.	Three Little Grebe chicks.
		Little Grebe sitting on floating nest at edge of Windmill Pond.
		Adult Little Grebe.		Both Parents and two of their youngsters.
Great Cormorant Phalacrocorax carbo sinensis Corvo marinho	Passage/Winter Migrant.

Squacco Heron Ardeola ralloides ralloides Papa ratos	Rare Passage/Winter migrant.		Hunting for Iberian Water Frogs	One of only a very few records of a Squacco Heron in inland Alentejo.

Cattle Egret Bubulcus ibis ibis Carraceiro	Resident.	Cattle Egret in full Breeding plumage at Bulrush Pond.
			Cattle Egret in breeding plumage.
		Non-Breeding Plumage.	Flock feeding at Windmill Pond.	Cattle Egret sitting on back of beef cattle in neighbouring farm.
Little Egret Egretta garzetta garzetta Garça branca	Resident.	Little Egret showing off magnificent breeding plumes (aigrettes) (in February) and diagnostic yellow feet.
		Note Yellow feet.
Great Egret Ardea alba alba Garça branca grande	Occasional.
Grey Heron Ardea cinerea cinerea Garça real	Resident.	Breeding plumage Adult.		Adult.
		Grey Heron with Viperine Snake prey in Bulrush Pond- at 11.30pm.	Juvenile Grey Heron	Sitting on top of Iberian Holm Oak at Sunset.
			At night.
Purple Heron Ardea purpurea Garça vermelha	Summer Visitor.
Black Stork Ciconia nigra Cegonha preta	Occasional.		Juvenile.
		Adult.		Juvenile.


White Stork Ciconia ciconia ciconia Cegonha branca	Seen daily in breeding season flying over the reserve. Resident. Breed just outside the reserve. Leave the area ± August to October.	White Stork foraging for frogs or other prey in Windmill Pond.
		White Stork with a Coloured leg-ring foraging at our Spring on 6th January 2018. This bird is 21 years old ! It was ringed in Portugal a distance of 12km away, on 26th May 1997. 20 Years, 7 Months and 11 Days before it was spotted at our reserve.		White Stork drinking at Windmill Pond.
			Part of a flock of around 30 white storks over the reserve

		Scratching its head.	Taking flight with nesting material for nest lining.
		Probably a young male White Stork displaying next to a man-made stork nest platform on the Windmill ruin, hoping to attract a mate. It is likely he has not bred before. If he can find a mate they could nest year after year at the same nest site.	White Stork stood on top of the Windmill ruin. The stork had been making Bill Clapping noises - part of the stork's breeding display. The Windmill has a stork nest platform on it. So maybe at some time a pair of White Storks will nest there. Possibly even this breeding season.
		White Stork carrying nesting material to its nest just outside the reserve.
Glossy Ibis Plegadis falcinellus Ibis preto	Migrant.		Flock of 21 Glossy Ibis.
				Photographed elsewhere, not on the reserve.
Eurasian Spoonbill Platalea leucorodia leucorodia Colhereiro	Migrant.	Two Juvenile Eurasian Spoonbills (with black wing tips) flying off from Windmill Pond.
		Eurasian Spoonbill at 5am next to Windmill Pond.
		Eurasian Spoonbill at 3.25am at Windmill Pond.		Eurasian Spoonbill photographed nearby (± 25km). This bird is a juvenile with bllack on primary tips and a pinkish bill.
		Eurasian Spoonbill photographed nearby. This bird is a non-breeding adult with white primary tips and a black bill.	Colour-ringed Eurasian Spoonbill photographed nearby. This bird was ringed as a pullus (chick) in Krammer-Volkerak, Slaakeiland, Holland, on 2nd June 2018.	Eurasian Spoonbill photographed feeding in pond nearby.
Gadwall Anas strepera strepera Frisada	Resident.	Female and Male.	Female Female.	Pair of Gadwall. Male on left, female on right.
		Female Gadwall with Nine Ducklings !	Female Gadwall with Nine Ducklings.	Part of brood of Nine Gadwall ducklings.
			Female Gadwall with Nine Ducklings.	Nine Gadwall Ducklings.
				Female on left, male on the right.
Mallard Anas platyrhynchos platyrhynchos Pato real	Resident.	Male.	Female.
		Male in full breeding plumage, early March.	Female, with body flattened low against the water, hiding from two fighting males.	Female.
		June: Well-grown Mallard Fledglings.
		April 24th 2019: Mallards with small ducklings.	Female Mallard flapping wings and showing diagnostic Blue Speculum.	Female Mallard feeding.
European Honey-Buzzard Pernis apivorus Bútio vespeiro	Summer Migrant.	Not yet photographed on the reserve.
Blackshouldered Kite Elanus caeruleus caeruleus Peneireiro cinzento	Redsident. Seen regularly quartering the reserve and hovering while hunting for food. resident.	Hovering while hunting.	Blackshouldered Kite at top of Iberian Holm Oak, being mobbed by Iberian Azurewinged Magpies.
		Blackshouldered Kite attacking Carrion Crow.
			Now the Carrion Crow is attacking the Blackshouldered Kite.	Size Comparison: Blackshouldered Kite above and Red Kite below
		Juvenile Blackshouldered Kite - possibly from a nearby nest site.	Juvenile Blackshouldered Kite showing characteristic white scalloping on mantle and wings.	Juvenile.
			Juvenile.	Blackshouldered Kite perched atop Iberian Holm Oak at Sunset.
Black Kite Milvus migrans migrans Milhafre preto	Summer Migrant.

			Photographed in Catalonia, Spain	Photographed in Catalonia, Spain
Red Kite Milvus milvus milvus Milhafre real	Seen regularly. Resident and Winter Migrant.

		Red Kite chasing Eurasian Buzzard.	Red Kite attacking Eurasian Buzzard.

Egyptian Vulture Neophron percnopterus percnopterus Britango	Seen occasionally. Summer Visitor. This worldwide status of this species is: ENDANGERED	Juvenile.	Juvenile.	Juvenile.
Griffon Vulture Gyps fulvus fulvus Grifo	Seen occasionally. Resident.

		Griffon Vulture. One of seven that flew over the reserve one June morning.
		Part of group of 50 to 60 Griffon Vultures (10th October 2018).	Griffon Vulture photographed in pre-Pyrenees in Catalonia, Spain.	Flock of Griffon Vultures soaring, photographed in pre-Pyrenees in Catalonia, Spain.
Black Vulture Aegypius monachus Abutre preto	Seen occasionally.		The Black Vulture is classified as "Near Threatened" on the IUCN Red List published by the International Union for Conservation of Nature.	Black Vulture and Griffon Vulture.


Short-toed Snake-Eagle Circaetus gallicus Águia cobreira	Seen regularly quartering the reserve and hovering while hunting for food. Summer Breeding Visitor.	With snake in bill.

		Hovering while Hunting.
		Pair of Short-toed Snake-Eagles performing aerial breeding display.
		Hovering.
Western Marsh Harrier Circus aeruginosus aeruginosus Águia sapeira	Occasional.	Female Western Marsh Harrier.	Female.	Male Marsh Harrier photographed in Catalonia, Spain
Hen Harrier Circus cyaneus Tartaranhão cinzento	Winter Visitor (August to April).	Not yet photographed on the reserve.
Montagu's Harrier Circus pygargus Águia caçadeira	Regularly seen quartering the reserve looking for prey. Especially males. Summer Breeding Migrant. (March to October).	Male.	Male.
		Male Montagu's Harrier carrying prey - probably a gamebird such as a Quail.	Male Montagu's Harrier carrying prey.
				Photograph not taken in the reserve. Male.
Northern Goshawk Accipiter gentilis gentilis Açor	Winter Visitor.

Eurasian Sparrowhawk Accipiter nisus nisus Gavião	Resident.		Eurasian Sparrowhawk at Bulrush Pond.	Circling after failed attempt to catch a Common Chiffchaff in an Iberian Oak tree next to Windmill Pond.
		Immature Eurasian Sparrowhawk recovering after having flown into a window.		Probably a female Eurasian Sparrowhawk. Females are much larger than males.

Eurasian Buzzard Buteo buteo buteo Águia d'asa redonda	Seen regularly quartering the reserve and hovering while hunting for food. Resident.
		Pair of Eurasian Buzzards performing aerial breeding display.	Pair of Eurasian Buzzards performing aerial breeding display.	Pair of Eurasian Buzzards performing aerial breeding display.
		Eurasian Buzzard being chased by Red Kite.

		Common Buzzard hunting over a Rabbit warren.

Iberian Imperial Eagle Aquila adalberti Águia imperial	Occasional Visitor.	Probably a Second Year bird.		Second or Third year Immature Iberian Imperial Eagle.

Booted Eagle Hieraaetus pennatus Águia calçada	Summer Breeding Migrant.		Booted Eagle with Redlegged Partridge prey in talons.	Dark morph (dark phase) booted eagle.
		Dark morph.		Northern Raven mobbing a Booted Eagle.
				Pale Phase Booted Eagle.
			The white patches where the wings meet the body are often referred to as 'headlights' and are a characteristic of this species of eagle.	Dark morph showing upper wing pattern.
		The rounded head of a Booted Eagle is another identifying feature.	Dark morph.
Bonelli's Eagle Hieraaetus fasciata fasciata Águia perdigueira	Occasional .		Bonelli's Eagle being mobbed by pair of Carrion Crows. Note white mark in centre of back which is diagnostic.
Common Kestrel Falco tinnunculus tinnunculus Peneireiro	Resident.	Female.	Male.	Female Common Kestrel hunting from perch on electricity cable.
			Male Common Kestrel hunting for Mediterranean Pine Voles from the Kestrel Nest Box (December 2018). First sighting of a Kestrel at the nest box ! Fingers crossed the Kestrels will nest in 2019.	Male.
		Male.	Male hovering.	Male.
		Common Kestrel hovering while hunting.		Photograph not taken in the reserve. Male.
Eurasian Hobby Falco peregrinus brookei Ógea	Summer Visitor/Passage.
Peregrine Falcon Falco subbuteo Falcão peregrino	Occasional.	First year Peregrine Falcon (Photo by Simon).	First year Peregrine Falcon (Photo by Simon).
Redlegged Partridge Alectoris rufa hispanica Perdiz	Breeding Resident.		Redlegged Partridge Chick.

		Calling.	Redlegged Partridge Chick.	Adult Redlegged Partridge with 12 Chicks.
		Redlegged Partridge and Eleven chicks at Hide Pond.
		Family party of Redlegged Partridges - with well-grown young.		Adult with 5 young (of 7 in total)
		Pair of Redlegged Partridge.
Common Quail Coturnix coturnix coturnix Codorniz	Summer Visitor/Migrant. Possible Resident.
		Male singing 45 minutes before Sunrise.
		Click Icon Above to play Song of Common Quail. The song is rendered as “quid di-dik”, a three note song, repeated at intervals - typically around 4–8 times in succession, every 2–5 seconds.

Common Moorhen Gallinula chloropus chloropus Galinha d’água	Occasional. Juveniles notably seen in late Summer when they disperse after breeding season.	Adult Moorhen being chased by (out of picture) nesting Little Grebe.		Juvenile Common Moorhen.
Common Coot Fulica atra atra Galeirão	Occasional.
		Juvenile Common Moorhen.	Juvenile Common Moorhen.
Great Bustard Otis tarda Abetarda	Occasional Visitor.	Thee Great Bustards flew over on 2023 04 24. (Photo above taken at Vale Gonçalinho reserve Castro Verde).	(Photo above taken at Vale Gonçalinho reserve Castro Verde).
Little Ringed Plover Charadrius dubius curonicus Borrelho pequeno de coleira	Summer Visitor. (March to October).		A migrant visitor, a Little Ringed Plover at the edge of Windmill Pond. Note the diagnostic yellow eye-ring.
Northern Lapwing Vanellus vanellus Abibe	Winter Visitor.
				Northern Lapwing photographed at a nearby location.
Common Snipe Gallinago gallinago gallinago Narceja	Winter Visitor (September to April).	Two Common Snipe Displaying: Quite unusual behaviour.	Two Common Snipe Displaying: I have not read about this behaviour.	Two Common Snipe Displaying: Normally displaying occurs much later in Spring and more usually at the breeding grounds.
		Common Snipe showing how flexible the upper mandible is. The ability to bend the upper mandible towards its tip is known as Rhynchokinesis. It is unique to waders, cranes, swifts and hummingbirds. It is thought to be a comfort action form of stretching. It is quite unusual to see, though this snipe performed it a dozen or so times over a period of a few minutes.	Preening.	Scratching head.
		Showing tail feather spread out.	Feeding.	New Year's Day: Two Common Snipe feeding at Windmill Pond.
		Crouching.	Group of three Common Snipes foraging in Windmill Pond.
		Stretching wing during preening.	With bill wide open.	Creeping low to ground.

				Feeding.
		Feeding.	Common Snipe crouched down in damp grasses near spring.
Eurasian Woodcock Scolopax rusticola Galinhola	Passage/Winter. (October to April).

Common Greenshank Tringa nebularia Perna verde	Passage/Winter. (July to April).	Note dull green legs that give this wader its name.		Characteristic call given when flying away: "Tew, Tew, Tew".
Green Sandpiper Tringa ochropus Maçarico bique bique	Passage/Winter. (June to April).




Common Sandpiper Actitis hypoleucos Maçarico das rochas	Resident/Passage migrant/Winter Visitor.		Preening.

		At edge of Windmill Pond.	Exhibiting alert posture.	Flying with characteristic rapid, shallow wing beats on stiff, curved wings, showing white wingbar.
		In typical flight style, but with head raised.
Lesser Blackbacked Gull Larus fuscus graellsii Gaivota d'asa escura	Passage Migrant.		Flock of around 50 Lesser Blackbacked Gulls.
Yellowlegged Gull Larus michahellis michahellis Gaivota de patas amarelas	Occasional.
Feral Pigeon (Rock Dove) Columba livia Pombo das rochas	Resident. Feral.
		Remains of Feral Pigeon killed and eaten by a Peregrine Falcon at Windmill Pond.
Common Wood Pigeon Columba palumbus palumbus Pombo torcaz	Resident. In winter very large flock over ± 200-300 in Iberian Holm Oaks.		Part of Winter flock of 70+ Common Woodpigeons. They congregate in the reserve to eat the abundant Iberian Holm Oak acorns.


		Part of flock of 20 or 30 Common Woodpigeons.
Eurasian Collared Dove Streptopelia decaocto Rola turca	Seen daily. Very common resident.
		Partially Leucistic Eurasian Collared Dove.		Breaking the ice on the pond one December morning in order to drink.
		Most birds have to take water into their beak and then ift their head up to let the water flow down their throat. Doves and Pigeons are among the few types of birds that can suck up water while their beak remains in the water. So birds such as this Eurasian Collared Dove are much quicker at drinking than most birds.		So while other birds have to keep bobbing their head in and out of the water, a Dove is able to take a good long drink in one go.


		Eurasian Collared Dove sitting down on horizontal branch of Iberian Holm Oak.
European Turtle Dove Streptopelia turtur turtur Rola brava	Summer Visitor/Passage Migrant.	The European Turtle Dove is categorized as "Vulnerable" by IUCN and it is noted that the population is Decreasing.
Great Spotted Cuckoo Clamator glandarius Cuco rabilongo	Summer Visitor.	Not yet photographed on the reserve.
Common Cuckoo Cuculus canorus bangsi Cuco	Common in Spring and early Summer. Lots of birds calling. Summer Breeding Migrant.	Common Cuckoo performing display flight while singing.
Common Barn Owl Tyto alba alba Coruja das torres	Breeding Resident.	Rescued Barn Owl released back into our Reserve.
		Common Barn Owl roosting in Iberian Holm Oak.
		24th February 2019: Yaay ! A pair of Common Barn Owls have chosen to nest in our Barn Owl Nest Box that was erected on the side of our Windmill Ruin.	Already the Barn Owls have laid three eggs. Clutches can vary from between 2 and 16 eggs.
		A Common Barn Owl bathing in a Winterbourne Stream.

		Barn owl at hide pond at night.

		Sequence of TrailCam Photos showing Common Barn Owl bathing.


Eurasian Scops Owl Otus scops mallorcae Mocho d’orelhas	Summer Visitor/Passage.	At Spring.	At Windmill Pond.
		At Spring.
Eurasian Eagle Owl Bubo bubo hispanus Bufo real	Occasional.	Eurasian Eagle Owl at Windmill Pond.
				June: These feathers were all found in the nature reserve. Subsequently a dead owl was discovered in an Iberian Holm Oak below the electricity company's wires next to an electricity pole. It is presumed the bird hit the wires and died. And then fell into the oak tree and got stuck on a branch. The Eurasian Eagle Owl is the World's heaviest owl. Males can weigh up to 2.8 kg while females can be as heavy as 4.2 kg.
Little Owl Athene noctua vidalii Mocho galego	Common Breeding Resident. Often heard calling, day and night.	Little Owl bringing insect food to nest hole in Olive Tree	June 8th: Fledgling Little Owl stood at entrance to nest hole in Iberian Holm Oak, hissing quietly.	Little Owl taking food into nest hole in Olive tree.
		May 19th: Little Owl chick stood next to nest hole in Iberian Holm Oak (on left).	Little owl with Bush-Cricket prey.	Little Owl with white facial feathers exposed - Presumably to make it look more threatening while being mobbed by Iberian Azurewinged Magpies.
		Adult.	Two Little Owlets at nest hole.	Adult perched in a Iberian Holm Oak, keeping an eye on it's nearby nest site in an old Olive tree.
		Little Owl chick looking out of nest hole in Iberian Holm Oak.	Little Owlet.	Fledgling.
		Fledgling.	Little Owl with Insect prey	Little Owl perched in Iberian Holm Oak keeping an eye on its nest site in adjacent Olive tree.
			Adult perched on olive tree nest site.
Tawny Owl Strix aluco sylvatica Coruja do mato	Resident.
		Sequence of 12 photos showing Tawny Owl bathing in Hide Pond.


				Finally, a nice clean Tawny Owl !
			Tawny Owl drinking.
Longeared Owl Asio otus otus Bufo pequeno	Resident.		Longeared Owl hunting rodents at night.

Rednecked Nightjar Caprimulgus ruficollis ruficollis Noitibó de nuca vermelha	Summer Resident.

Common Swift Apus apus apus Andorinhão preto	Summer Resident.	Common swift in flight, showing small white throat patch and darker plumage than pallid swift.		Adult in flight.

Pallid Swift Apus pallidus brehmoram Andorinhão pálido	Summer Resident.	Not yet photographed on the reserve.
Alpine Swift Tachymarptis melba melba Andorinhão real	Summer Migrant.
Common Kingfisher Alcedo atthis ispida Guarda rios	Resident.	Common Kingfisher with Dragonfly Larva prey.
		Male at Bulrush Pond (Bill is all black - Females have an orange lower mandible).	Female.
			Common Kingfisher sitting on post placed in Windmill Pond to attract kingfishers! At Sunset.	Common Kingfisher landing on perch in Windmill Pond.
		Kingfisher after diving into the pond.		Note Orange lower mandible which marks this bird as a female.

European Bee-eater Merops apiaster Abelharuco	Breeding Summer Visitor/Migrant. Flock of ± 20 regularly feed over reserve.		Sequence showing European Bee-eaters bathing while on the wing.



			Breeding plumage adult in flight.	Goodbye for another year ! Part of a gathering of around 40 European Bee-eaters getting ready to migrate to Africa for the Winter. This was our last sightiing for 2018 - presumably of a pre-migration flock.


Eurasian Hoopoe Upupa epops epops Poupa	Seen regularly. Breeding Resident.	Eurasian Hoopoe about to swallow its prey, a European Mole-Cricket.
		Singing
			Feeding.
Eurasian Wryneck Jynx torquilla torquilla Torcicolo	Occasional.
Iberian Green Woodpecker Picus sharpie Peto real	Commonly heard and seen Breeding Resident.	Adult Male with red malar stripe.		A male Iberian Green Woodpecker.
			Adult female with black malar stripe.
		Adult.	Juvenile.	Adult female.
Great Spotted Woodpecker Dendrocopos major hispanus Pica pau malhardo	Regularly heard or seen. Resident.		Male with characteristic red nape.
		On Cork Oak	Male, showing characteristic red nape.	Hammering at Cork Oak bark in search for insect food.
		Juvenile (probably male) Great Spotted Woodpecker at Windmill Pond.	Juvenile (probably male) drinking.	Juvenile (probably male).
		Coming in to land at pond.	Coming in to land at pond.
Lesser Spotted Woodpecker Dendrocopos minor buturlini Pica pau galego	Resident.	Female.	Female.	Female.
Calandra Lark Melanocorypha calandra calandra Calhandra real	Resident.
Crested Lark Galerida cristata pallida Cotovia de poupa	Resident.		With crest lowered.
		First proof of breeding for Crested Lark: An Immature drinking at Bulrush Pond.	The warm buffy-orange underwing is characteristic of a Crested Lark. The similar-looking Thekla Lark has a greyish underwing).


		Crested Lark drinking at Windmill Pond.	Trail Camera of Crested Lark showing buffy-orange underwing. This feature distinguishes it from the very similar Thekla Lark which by contrast has a greyish underwing.

Thekla Lark Galerida theklae theklae Cotovia escura	Resident.
			Singing.	Scratching.


			Singing.
Woodlark Lullula arborea pallida Cotovia dos bosques	The Commonest lark on the Reserve. Often sings at night. Breeding Resident.		Woodlark collecting nesting material (mid February).	Woodlark dust-bathing.
			Woodlark in Song Flight.	Pair of Woodlarks.
		Woodlark at Windmill Pond.	Woodlark collecting nesting material in February.

Eurasian Skylark Alauda arvensis sierra Laverca	Resident.
Sand Martin Riparia riparia riparia Andorinha das barrieras	Occasional Visitor.		Sand Martin. Photo by Simon
Eurasian Crag Martin Ptyonoprogne rupestris Andorinha das rochas	Migrant.	Not yet photographed on the reserve.
Barn Swallow Hirundo rustica rustica Andorinha das chaminés	Common Breeding Summer Resident.	Barn Swallow about to bathe in Windmill Pond.	Barn Swallow rising from Windmill Pond after bathing/drinking.	Barn Swallow singing.
		Barn Swallow with all black head.	Barn Swallow with all black head.	Shaking water off after bathing.
		After bathing.	Fledgling Barn Swallow food begging.	Three fledgling Barn Swallows.
		Sitting on electricity cables.	Adult in flight.	Adult flying in to feed fledgling Barn Swallow.
		Fledgling.	Adult in flight.	Fledgling Barn Swallow. Note yellow colour around gape, indicative of young bird.
			Juvenile in flight - note duller plumage and shorter tail.	On nest.
		Collecting Mud for Nest-Building.	Collecting mud for nest-building.	Shaking water drops off, causing its head to be upside down in flight.

Redrumped Swallow Cecropis daurica rufula Andorinha dáurica	Summer Breeding Resident.
		Adult in flight showing pale rump.		Nest on underside of road bridge.
House Martin Delichon urbicum meridionale Andorinha dos beirais	Summer Visitor.		Juvenile House Martin.	Adult.
Meadow Pipit Anthus pratensis pratensis Petinha dos prados	Winter visitor. Approximately October to April.


Water Pipit Anthus spinoletta Petinha ribeirinha	Winter Visitor.
Yellow Wagtail Motacilla flava iberiae Alvéola amarela	Passage Visitor.	Iberian sub-Species. Photo by Chris.	Iberian sub-Species. Photo by Chris.	Iberian sub-Species. Photo by Chris.
Grey Wagtail Motacilla cinerea cinerea Alvéola cinzenta	Resident.
White Wagtail Motacilla alba alba Alvéola branca	Resident.	Male in Winter plumage - with white chin and forehead.	Male in Summer plumage with black throat.	Juvenile.
		Winter plumage - with white chin and forehead.	Male - Summer.	Male in Winter plumage - with white chin and forehead.
			Adult Male.	Summer plumage Adult.
			White Wagtails are year-round residents on the reserve, like this Male in Winter plumage - with white chin and forehead.
Dunnock Prunella modularis modularis Ferreirinha	Winter Visitor. (October to April)
European Robin Erithacus rubecula Two sub-species can occur: E.r. melophilus and E.r. rubecula Pisco de peito ruivo	Common Winter Visitor. Some may be resident.

Common Nightingale Luscinia megarhynchos megarhynchos Rouxinol	Heard singing in Spring/Summer. Summer visitor. (March to October).	Photo by Chris.	Tail cocked in distinctive, characteristic pose. Photo by Chris.	Nighingales are most often found in thick scrub, hence their reputation for being difficult to see. Photo by Chris.
		Thick scrub is the preferred breeding habitat for Nightingales. Here the bird is in a mixture of Iberian Holm Oak and Gum Cistus scrub. Photo by Chris.	At Bulrush Pond.
Black Redstart Phoenicurus ochruros gibraltariensis Rabirruivo	Common Winter Visitor.	Male.	Male.	Male
		Male		Male.
		Male Black Redstart. A migrant that normally departs at the end of March.	Female standing on part of nesting sandbank structure.	Male.
Common Redstart Phoenicurus phoenicurus phoenicurus Rabirruivo de testa branca	Migrant Visitor.	Male Common Redstart	Male.	Juvenile.
Eurasian Stonechat Saxicola torquatus rubicola Cartaxo	Common Breeding Resident.	Female with nesting material in its bill.	Male singing from top of Iberian Holm Oak sapling.
		Female.	Male	Female collecting nesting Material (February).
		Female.
		Juvenile.

Northern Wheatear Oenanthe oenanthe libanotica Chasco cinzento	Autumn Migrant.	Juvenile.

Blackeared Wheatear Oenanthe hispanica hispanica Chasco ruivo	Summer Migrant Visitor.	Male dark-throated morph.
Common Blackbird Turdus merula merula Melro	Common Breeding Resident.	Female.	Male.	Female with spider prey in bill.
		Juvenile.	Close up of Male.	Female common blackbird washing prey (spider) before eating it.
		Female drinking.	Female.
		Juvenile.	Juvenile showiing well spotted breast - which distinguishes its plumage from that of an adult female.	Juvenile drinking.
		Adult Female.	Male Common Blackbird about to drink at Windmill Pond. Iberian Water Frog in foreground !
Song Thrush Turdus philomelos clarkei Tordo pinto	Winter Visitor.

Redwing Turdus iliacus Tordo ruivo	Winter/Passage Migrant. Near Threatened; Population Trend: Decreasing
Mistle Thrush Turdus viscivorus viscivorus Tordoveia	Resident.
Zitting Cisticola (Fantailed Warbler) Cisticola juncidis cisticola Fuinha dos juncos	Breeding Resident.
		Zitting Cisticola Singing (early March).	Zitting Cisticolas are birds of open grassland and meadows.

Western Olivaceous Warbler (or Isabelline Warbler) Hippolais opaca Felosa pálida	Summer Migrant Visitor.	Not yet photographed on the reserve.
Melodious Warbler Hippolais polyglotta Felosa poliglota	Summer Migrant Visitor.
Dartford Warbler Sylvia undata undata Toutinegra do mato	Resident.	Male Dartford Warbler.
Sardinian Warbler Sylvia melanocephala melanocephala Toutinegra dos valados	Breeding Resident.	Male.	Male.	Male.
		Sardinian Warbler picking a Black Nightshade berry.	Juvenile Sardinian warbler.	Female - with red eye-ring.
		Female.	Juvenile.	Juvenile.
			Juvenile.

Subalpine Warbler Sylvia cantillans iberiae Toutinegra de bigodes	Summer Migrant Visitor.	Male, showing bluish-grey head and upperparts.	Male.	Male Subalpine Warbler (screen grab ex video clip)

Orphean Warbler Sylvia hortensis Toutinegra real	Migrant Visitor.	Not yet photographed on the reserve.
Common Whitethroat Sylvia communis communis Papa amoras	Summer Visitor.
Eurasian Blackcap Sylvia atricapilla heinekin Toutinegra de barrete	Summer Visitor or Resident.	Male	Female	Female
Western Bonelli's Warbler Phylloscopus bonelli Felosa de papo branco	Summer Visitor.
Common Chiffchaff Phylloscopus collybita collybita Felosinha	Abundant Winter Migrant (they over-winter). Approximately October to March.
				With prey in bill.
		Hunting for insect prey over Windmill Pond.	Hunting for insect prey over pond.

Iberian Chiffchaff Phylloscopus ibericus Felosinha ibérica	Summer Breeding Visitor. Approximately February to October.	Not yet photographed on the reserve.	Photographed in UK. Photo by Simon.
Willow Warbler Phylloscopus trochilus trochilus Felosinha musical	Non-Breeding Migrant Visitor. Approximately March to May and July to October.
		Bathing.

Spotted Flycatcher Muscicapa striata striata Taralhão cinzento	Summer Resident and/or Migrant.	Sexes are alike.		Spotted flycatcher eating wasp.

Pied Flycatcher Ficedula hypoleuca Papa moscas	Autumn/Winter Migrant. Several sub-species could occur.	Female or Immature perched in shady Iberian Holm Oak.	Female or Immature.	Female or Immature.

Longtailed Tit (Bushtit) Aegithalos caudatus irbii Chapim rabilongo	Resident.
		Showing relative sizes of Longtailed Tit and Blue Tit.

European Crested Tit Lophophanes cristatus weigoldi Chapim de poupa	Resident.
		Visiting our Peanut Feeder.
Blue Tit Cyanistes caeruleus ogliastrae Chapim azul	Very Common Breeding Resident.	Adult.	Juvenile.	Adult Calling.
		Juvenile - with yellow cheeks.	Juvenile with wings extended.
		Bathing.	Juvenile, showing characteristic yellow cheeks.
		Blue Tit in classic 'hanging upside down' position.
Great Tit Parus major corsus Chapim real	Common Breeding Resident.		Bringing Food to Nestlings.	Adult exiting nest box.
		Great Tit taking Sunflower Seed from flower sown from seed dropped from bird feeders.	Drinking.
		Juvenile at pond. Note duller plumage and cheeks not pure white.

Eurasian Nuthatch Sitta europaea hispaniensis Trepadeira azul	Common Breeding Resident.
				Eurasian Nuthatch putting mud at entrance to nest box to make the entrance hole smaller to keep out House Sparrows and Spotless Starlings.
			Eurasian Nuthatch in classic head-downward pose. Nuthatches are one of the few types of bird that can run up and down a vertical tree trunk.

Short-toed Treecreeper Certhia brachydactyla megarhynchos Trepadeira	Common Breeding Resident.

Eurasian Golden Oriole Oriolus oriolus Papa figos	Summer Breeding Visitor. Occasionally seen and heard.	Calling while perched in Fig Tree.
			Female.
			Such a difficult bird to see and photograph !
Iberian Grey Shrike Lanius meridionalis meridionalis Picanço real	Common Breeding Resident.	Iberian Grey Shrike preening at pond.


Woodchat Shrike Lanius senator rutilans Picanço barreteiro	Summer Breeding Migrant.	Male singing.	Woodchat Shrike coughing up pellet of undigested food items, presumably mostly insect carapaces.	Female.
		Male.	Pair of Woodchat Shrikes. The Male is on the left.
		Juvenile Woodchat Shrike.	Male.


		Click above icon to play short Movie of Male Woodchat Shrike Singing.		Female.
Eurasian Jay Garrulus glandarius fasciatus Gaio	Common Resident.
			Landing at pond. Showing beautiful blue and black feathering on wings (primary coverts).

Iberian Azurewinged Magpie Cyanopica cooki Charneco	Very Common Breeding Resident. Seen and heard daily. Endemic to Iberia.	Juvenile food-begging, with bill wide open, showing red gape, and wings held half-open while being vibrated.
		Juvenile Calling - possibly food-begging, with wings half-spread.
		Juvenile swallowing water.		Juvenile.
		Juvenile Food-begging - calling and shivering half-open wings.	Juvenile bathing.	Close up of Juvenile - showing white speckling on head.
			Juvenile, head thrown back, swallowing water.

Carrion Crow Corvus corone corone Gralha preta	Resident.		Carrion Crow being mobbed by flock of Iberian Azurewinged Magpies
		Blackshouldered Kite chasing a Carrion Crow.		Now the Carrion Crow is chasing the Blackshouldered Kite
				Pair of Carrion Crows mobbing a Bonelli's Eagle.
Northern Raven Corvus corax Corvo	Resident.
		Northern Raven mobbing a Booted Eagle.	Note characteristic wedge-shaped tail.

Spotless Starling Sturnus unicolor Estorninho preto	Very Common Breeding Resident.	Adult, breeding plumage.	Spotless Starling stood in Windmill Pond to drink.	Winter Plumage - when Spotless starlings have spots.
			Spotless Starling trying, but failing, to get into a nest box. The mud put at the entrance by an Eurasian Nuthatch has made the hole too small for a Starling to fit through.
			Spotless Starling showing aggression towards female Common Blackbird.	Nestlings Begging for Food.
		Adult and Juvenile at Hide Pond.	Adult drinking, breeding plumage.
House Sparrow Passer domesticus domesticus Pardal	Very Common Breeding Resident. Seen and heard daily.	Female.	Male - Winter Plumage. Note grey cheeks which distinguish it from the similar Spanish Sparrow,	Female Bringing Food to Nestlings.
		Male House Sparrow (pausing during sand bathing).	Juvenile still showiing yellow sides to gape.
		Female.	Male drinking.	Female.
		Wet from bathing.	Male.	Male.
		Female.	Male in Summer plumage.	Male landing at Bulrush Pond.
Spanish Sparrow Passer hispaniolensis hispaniolensis Pardal espanhol	Resident.	Female.	Male.	Male bathing.
		Male. Showing completely chestnut cap.	Male. Showing extensive black on breast and white cheeks - which distinguish it from the similar House Sparrow.	Male. Showing heavily marked back.
		Male drinking.	Male showing full chestnut cap and nape.
Rock Sparrow Petronia petronia petronia Pardal francês	Resident.		Flight shot showing the characteristic white tail spots.
		Rock Sparrows at Nesting Bank.
Common Waxbill Estrilda astrild astrild or E.a. jagoensis Bico de lacre	Occasional. Introduced Alien.		This species was introduced to Portugal from Africa.
Chaffinch Fringilla coelebs coelebs Tentilhão	Resident.	Male landing on rock in pond.	Male (front) and Female (back) at edge of Windmill Pond to drink.	Male.
		Female landing at pond.	Male Chaffinch - Winter	Female Chaffinch - Winter
			Female.	Drinking.

European Serin Serinus serinus Milheirinha	Resident.	Male European Serin.	Female.	Drinking at edge of Windmill Pond.

European Greenfinch Carduelis chloris vanmarli Verdilhão	Resident.
European Goldfinch Carduelis carduelis parva Pintassilgo	Breeding Resident.
Common Linnet Carduelis cannabina mediterranea Pintarroxo	Breeding Resident.	Male.		Male.
		A male Common Linnet singing atop an Iberian Holm Oak.	Male Common Linnet (on left) courtship feeding his mate.	Female.
		Female Common Linnet collecting nesting material.	Male.	Male.
			Female.	Male on left, Female on right.
			Female.
Eurasian Bullfinch Pyrrhula pyrrhula pyrrhula Dom fafe	Wintor Visitor.	Female Eurasian Bullfinch.	Male.
Hawfinch Coccothraustes coccothraustes coccothraustes Bico grossudo	Rarely seen. Resident.		Hawfinch. Photo by Simon.
Corn Bunting Emberiza calandra calandra Trigueirão	Very Common Breeding Resident.	Corn Bunting with insect prey to feed nestlings.	Corn Bunting singing from the ground.
		Singing.	Juvenile Corn Bunting drinking at Windmill Pond.	Singing.
			Bathing.
		Drinking.	Swallowing water.
				Corn Bunting sat on top of young Iberian Holm Oak.

The chart below shows the IUCN Red list categories. The further towards the right hand side, the more serious are the threats to a particular species.

Bird Species List :

	English Common Name	Scientific Name	Portuguese Name	Monotypic or sub-specific	Conservation Status per IUCN Red List
1	Little Grebe	Tachybaptus ruficollis ruficollis	Mergulhão pequeno		Least Concern; Population Trend: Decreasing
2	Great Cormorant	Phalacrocorax carbo sinensis	Corvo marinho		Least Concern; Population Trend: Increasing
3	Squacco Heron	Ardeola ralloides ralloides	Papa ratos		Least Concern; Population Trend: Unknown
4	Cattle Egret	Bubulcus ibis ibis	Carraceiro		Least Concern; Population Trend: Increasing
5	Little Egret	Egretta garzetta garzetta	Garça branca		Least Concern; Population Trend: Increasing
6	Great Egret	Ardea alba alba	Garça branca grande		Least Concern; Population Trend: Unknown
7	Grey Heron	Ardea cinerea cinerea	Garça real		Least Concern; Population Trend: Unknown
8	Purple Heron	Ardea purpurea	Garça vermelha		Least Concern; Population Trend: Decreasing
9	Black Stork	Ciconia nigra	Cegonha preta	Monotypic	Least Concern; Population Trend: Unknown
10	White Stork	Ciconia ciconia ciconia	Cegonha branca		Least Concern; Population Trend: Increasing
11	Glossy Ibis	Plegadis falcinellus	Ibis preto	Monotypic	Least Concern; Population Trend: Decreasing
12	Eurasian Spoonbill	Platalea leucorodia leucorodia	Colhereiro		Least Concern; Population Trend: Unknown
13	Gadwall	Anas strepera strepera	Frisada		Least Concern; Population Trend: Increasing
14	Mallard	Anas platyrhynchos platyrhynchos	Pato real		Least Concern; Population Trend: Increasing
15	European Honey-Buzzard	Pernis apivorus	Bútio-vespeiro	Monotypic	Least Concern; Population Trend: Stable
16	Blackshouldered Kite	Elanus caeruleus caeruleus	Peneireiro cinzento		Least Concern; Population Trend: Stable
17	Black Kite	Milvus migrans migrans	Milhafre preto		Least Concern; Population Trend: Stable
18	Red Kite	Milvus milvus milvus	Milhafre real		Least Concern; Population Trend: Increasing
19	Egyptian Vulture	Neophron percnopterus percnopterus	Britango		Endangered; Population Trend: Decreasing
20	Griffon Vulture	Gyps fulvus fulvus	Grifo		Least Concern; Population Trend: Increasing
21	Black Vulture	Aegypius monachus	Abutre preto	Monotypic	Near Threatened; Population Trend: Decreasing
22	Short-toed Snake-Eagle	Circaetus gallicus	Águia cobreira	Monotypic	Least Concern; Population Trend: Stable
23	Western Marsh Harrier	Circus aeruginosus aeruginosus	Águia sapeira		Least Concern; Population Trend: Stable
24	Hen Harrier	Circus cyaneus	Tartaranhão cinzento	Monotypic	Least Concern; Population Trend: Decreasing
25	Montagu's Harrier	Circus pygargus	Águia caçadeira	Monotypic	Least Concern; Population Trend: Decreasing
26	Northern Goshawk	Accipiter gentilis gentilis	Açor		Least Concern; Population Trend: Unknown
27	Eurasian Sparrowhawk	Accipiter nisus nisus	Gavião		Least Concern; Population Trend: Stable
28	Eurasian Buzzard	Buteo buteo buteo	Águia d'asa redonda		Least Concern; Population Trend: Increasing
29	Iberian Imperial Eagle	Aquila adalberti	Águia imperial	Monotypic	Vulnerable; Population Trend: Increasing
30	Booted Eagle	Hieraaetus pennatus	Águia calçada	Monotypic	Least Concern; Population Trend: Stable
31	Bonelli's Eagle	Hieraaetus fasciata fasciata	Águia perdigueira		Least Concern; Population Trend: Decreasing
32	Common Kestrel	Falco tinnunculus tinnunculus	Peneireiro		Least Concern; Population Trend: Decreasing
33	Eurasian Hobby	Falco subbuteo	Ógea		Least Concern; Population Trend: Decreasing
34	Peregrine Falcon	Falco peregrinus brookei	Falcão peregrino		Least Concern; Population Trend: Increasing
35	Redlegged Partridge	Alectoris rufa hispanica	Perdiz		Near Threatened; Population Trend: Decreasing
36	Common Quail	Coturnix coturnix coturnix	Codorniz		Least Concern; Population Trend: Decreasing
37	Common Moorhen	Gallinula chloropus chloropus	Galinha d’água		Least Concern; Population Trend: Stable
38	Common Coot	Fulica atra atra	Galeirão		Least Concern; Population Trend: Increasing
39	Great Bustard	Otis tarda	Abetarda		Vulnerable; Population Trend: Decreasing
40	Little Ringed Plover	Charadrius dubius curonicus	Borrelho pequeno de coleira		Least Concern; Population Trend: Stable
41	Northern Lapwing	Vanellus vanellus	Abibe	Monotypic	Near Threatened; Population Trend: Decreasing
42	Common Snipe	Gallinago gallinago gallinago	Narceja		Least Concern; Population Trend: Decreasing
43	Eurasian Woodcock	Scolopax rusticola	Galinhola		Least Concern; Population Trend: Stable
44	Common Greenshank	Tringa nebularia	Perna verde	Monotypic	Least Concern; Population Trend: Stable
45	Green Sandpiper	Tringa ochropus	Maçarico bique bique	Monotypic	Least Concern; Population Trend: Increasing
46	Common Sandpiper	Actitis hypoleucos	Maçarico das rochas	Monotypic	Least Concern; Population Trend: Decreasing
47	Lesser Blackbacked Gull	Larus fuscus graellsii	Gaivota d'asa escura		Least Concern; Population Trend: Increasing
48	Yellowlegged Gull	Larus michahellis michahellis	Gaivota de patas amarelas		Least Concern; Population Trend: Increasing
49	Feral Pigeon	Columba livia	Pombo das rochas		Least Concern; Population Trend: Decreasing
50	Common Woodpigeon	Columba palumbus palumbus	Pombo torcaz		Least Concern; Population Trend: Increasing
51	Eurasian Collared Dove	Streptopelia decaocto	Rola turca	Monotypic	Least Concern; Population Trend: Increasing
52	European Turtle Dove	Streptopelia turtur turtur	Rola brava		Vulnerable; Population Trend: Decreasing
53	Great Spotted Cuckoo	Clamator glandarius	Cuco rabilongo	Monotypic	Least Concern; Population Trend: Stable
54	Common Cuckoo	Cuculus canorus bangsi	Cuco		Least Concern; Population Trend: Decreasing
55	Common Barn Owl	Tyto alba alba	Coruja das torres		Least Concern; Population Trend: Stable
56	Eurasian Scops Owl	Otus scops mallorcae	Mocho d’orelhas		Least Concern; Population Trend: Decreasing
57	Eurasian Eagle Owl	Bubo bubo hispanus	Bufo real		Least Concern; Population Trend: Decreasing
58	Little Owl	Athene noctua vidalii	Mocho galego		Least Concern; Population Trend: Stable
59	Tawny Owl	Strix aluco sylvatica	Coruja do mato		Least Concern; Population Trend: Stable
60	Longeared Owl	Asio otus otus	Bufo pequeno		Least Concern; Population Trend: Decreasing
61	Rednecked Nightjar	Caprimulgus ruficollis ruficollis	Noitibó de nuca vermelha		Near Threatened; Population Trend: Decreasing
62	Common Swift	Apus apus apus	Andorinhão preto		Least Concern; Population Trend: Stable
63	Pallid Swift	Apus pallidus brehmoram	Andorinhão pálido		Least Concern; Population Trend: Stable
64	Alpine Swift	Tachymarptis melba melba	Andorinhão real		Least Concern; Population Trend: Stable
65	Common Kingfisher	Alcedo atthis ispida	Guarda rios		Least Concern; Population Trend: Unknown
66	European Bee-eater	Merops apiaster	Abelharuco	Monotypic	Least Concern; Population Trend: Stable
67	Eurasian Hoopoe	Upupa epops epops	Poupa		Least Concern; Population Trend: Decreasing
68	Eurasian Wryneck	Jynx torquilla torquilla	Torcicolo		Least Concern; Population Trend: Decreasing
69	Iberian Green Woodpecker	Picus sharpei	Peto real	Monotypic	Least Concern; Population Trend: Decreasing
70	Great Spotted Woodpecker	Dendrocopos major hispanus	Pica pau malhardo		Least Concern; Population Trend: Increasing
71	Lesser Spotted Woodpecker	Dendrocopos minor buturlini	Pica pau galego		Least Concern; Population Trend: Decreasing
72	Calandra Lark	Melanocorypha calandra calandra	Calhandra real		Least Concern; Population Trend: Decreasing
73	Crested Lark	Galerida cristata pallida	Cotovia de poupa		Least Concern; Population Trend: Decreasing
74	Thekla Lark	Galerida theklae theklae	Cotovia escura		Least Concern; Population Trend: Decreasing
75	Woodlark	Lullula arborea pallida	Cotovia dos bosques		Least Concern; Population Trend: Increasing
76	Eurasian Skylark	Alauda arvensis sierrae	Laverca		Least Concern; Population Trend: Decreasing
77	Sand Martin	Riparia riparia riparia	Andorinha das barreiras		Least Concern; Population Trend: Decreasing
78	Eurasian Crag Martin	Ptyonoprogne rupestris	Andorinha das rochas	Monotypic	Least Concern; Population Trend: Stable
79	Barn Swallow	Hirundo rustica rustica	Andorinha das chaminés		Least Concern; Population Trend: Decreasing
80	Redrumped Swallow	Cecropis daurica rufula	Andorinha dáurica		Least Concern; Population Trend: Stable
81	House Martin	Delichon urbicum meridionale	Andorinha dos beirais		Least Concern; Population Trend: Decreasing
82	Meadow Pipit	Anthus pratensis pratensis	Petinha dos prados		Least Concern; Population Trend: Decreasing
83	Water Pipit	Anthus spinoletta	Petinha ribeirinha		Least Concern; Population Trend: Stable
84	Yellow Wagtail	Motacilla flava iberiae	Alvéola amarela		Least Concern; Population Trend: Decreasing
85	Grey Wagtail	Motacilla cinerea cinerea	Alvéola cinzenta		Least Concern; Population Trend: Stable
86	White Wagtail	Motacilla alba alba	Alvéola branca		Least Concern; Population Trend: Stable
87	Dunnock	Prunella modularis modularis	Ferreirinha		Least Concern; Population Trend: Decreasing
88	European Robin	Erithacus rubecula melophilus or E.r. rubecula	Pisco de peito ruivo		Least Concern; Population Trend: Increasing
89	Common Nightingale	Luscinia megarhynchos megarhynchos	Rouxinol		Least Concern; Population Trend: Stable
90	Black Redstart	Phoenicurus ochruros gibraltariensis	Rabirruivo		Least Concern; Population Trend: Increasing
91	Common Redstart	Phoenicurus phoenicurus phoenicurus	Rabirruivo de testa branca		Least Concern; Population Trend: Increasing
92	Eurasian Stonechat	Saxicola torquatus rubicola	Cartaxo		Least Concern; Population Trend: Stable
93	Northern Wheatear	Oenanthe oenanthe libanotica	Chasco cinzento		Least Concern; Population Trend: Decreasing
94	Blackeared Wheatear	Oenanthe hispanica hispanica	Chasco ruivo		Least Concern; Population Trend: Decreasing
95	Common Blackbird	Turdus merula merula	Melro		Least Concern; Population Trend: Increasing
96	Song Thrush	Turdus philomelos philomelos	Tordo pinto		Least Concern; Population Trend: Increasing
97	Redwing	Turdus iliacus	Tordo ruivo		Near Threatened; Population Trend: Decreasing
98	Mistle Thrush	Turdus viscivorus viscivorus	Tordoveia		Least Concern; Population Trend: Decreasing
99	Zitting Cisticola (Fantailed Warbler)	Cisticola juncidis cisticola	Fuinha dos juncos		Least Concern; Population Trend: Increasing
100	Western Olivaceous Warbler	Hippolais opaca	Felosa pálida	Monotypic	Least Concern; Population Trend: Decreasing
101	Melodious Warbler	Hippolais polyglotta	Felosa poliglota	Monotypic	Least Concern; Population Trend: Increasing
102	Dartford Warbler	Sylvia undata undata	Toutinegra do mato		Near Threatened; Population Trend: Decreasing
103	Sardinian Warbler	Sylvia melanocephala melanocephala	Toutinegra dos valados		Least Concern; Population Trend: Increasing
104	Subalpine Warbler	Sylvia cantillans iberiae	Toutinegra de bigodes		Least Concern; Population Trend: Increasing
105	Orphean Warbler	Sylvia hortensis hortensis	Toutinegra real		Least Concern; Population Trend: Increasing
106	Common Whitethroat	Sylvia communis communis	Papa amoras		Least Concern; Population Trend: Increasing
107	Eurasian Blackcap	Sylvia atricapilla heinekin	Toutinegra de barrete		Least Concern; Population Trend: Increasing
108	Western Bonelli's Warbler	Phylloscopus bonelli	Felosa de papo branco	Monotypic	Least Concern; Population Trend: Stable
109	Common Chiffchaff	Phylloscopus collybita collybita	Felosinha		Least Concern; Population Trend: Increasing
110	Iberian Chiffchaff	Phylloscopus ibericus	Felosinha ibérica	Monotypic	Least Concern; Population Trend: Increasing
111	Willow Warbler	Phylloscopus trochilus trochilus	Felosinha musical		Least Concern; Population Trend: Decreasing
112	Spotted Flycatcher	Muscicapa striata striata	Taralhão cinzento		Least Concern; Population Trend: Decreasing
113	Pied Flycatcher	Ficedula hypoleuca iberiae	Papa moscas		Least Concern; Population Trend: Decreasing
114	Longtailed Tit	Aegithalos caudatus irbii	Chapim rabilongo		Least Concern; Population Trend: Stable
115	European Crested Tit	Lophophanes cristatus weigoldi	Chapim de poupa		Least Concern; Population Trend: Decreasing
116	Blue Tit	Cyanistes caeruleus ogliastrae	Chapim azul		Least Concern; Population Trend: Increasing
117	Great Tit	Parus major corsus	Chapim real		Least Concern; Population Trend: Increasing
118	Eurasian Nuthatch	Sitta europaea hispaniensis	Trepadeira azul		Least Concern; Population Trend: Stable
119	Short-toed Treecreeper	Certhia brachydactyla megarhynchos	Trepadeira		Least Concern; Population Trend: Increasing
120	Eurasian Golden Oriole	Oriolus oriolus	Papa figos	Monotypic	Least Concern; Population Trend: Stable
121	Iberian Grey Shrike	Lanius meridionalis meridionalis	Picanço real		Vulnerable; Population Trend: Decreasing
122	Woodchat Shrike	Lanius senator rutilans	Picanço barreteiro		Near Threatened; Population Trend: Decreasing
123	Eurasian Jay	Garrulus glandarius fasciatus	Gaio		Least Concern; Population Trend: Stable
124	Iberian Azurewinged Magpie	Cyanopica cooki	Charneco	Monotypic	Least Concern; Population Trend: Increasing
125	Carrion Crow	Corvus corone corone	Gralha preta		Least Concern; Population Trend: Increasing
126	Northern Raven	Corvus corax hispanus	Corvo		Least Concern; Population Trend: Increasing
127	Spotless Starling	Sturnus unicolor	Estorninho preto	Monotypic	Least Concern; Population Trend: Increasing
128	House Sparrow	Passer domesticus domesticus	Pardal		Least Concern; Population Trend: Decreasing
129	Spanish Sparrow	Passer hispaniolensis hispaniolensis	Pardal espanhol		Least Concern; Population Trend: Decreasing
130	Rock Sparrow	Petronia petronia petronia	Pardal francês		Least Concern; Population Trend: Increasing
131	Common Waxbill	Estrilda astrild astrild or E.a. jagoensis	Bico de lacre		Least Concern; Population Trend: Stable
132	Chaffinch	Fringilla coelebs coelebs	Tentilhão		Least Concern; Population Trend: Increasing
133	European Serin	Serinus serinus	Milheirinha	Monotypic	Least Concern; Population Trend: Decreasing
134	European Greenfinch	Carduelis chloris vanmarli	Verdilhão		Least Concern; Population Trend: Stable
135	European Goldfinch	Carduelis carduelis parva	Pintassilgo		Least Concern; Population Trend: Decreasing
136	Common Linnet	Carduelis cannabina mediterranea	Pintarroxo		Least Concern; Population Trend: Decreasing
137	Eurasian Bullfinch	Pyrrhula pyrrhula pyrrhula	Dom fafe		Least Concern; Population Trend: Decreasing
138	Hawfinch	Coccothraustes coccothraustes coccothraustes	Bico grossudo		Least Concern; Population Trend: Increasing
139	Corn Bunting	Emberiza calandra calandra	Trigueirão		Least Concern; Population Trend: Decreasing