Flowers

Portugal Wildlife

Guide to the Flowers of a Wildlife Reserve in Baixo Alentejo

All Photographs were taken on the reserve by the website author or his spouse unless otherwise stated.

Species	Notes	Photographs	Photographs	Photographs
Wild Leek Allium ampeloprasum Alho-de-verão; Alho-inglês; Chalotas	Peak Flowering Period: April to July
			Stem and basal leaves.

Moroccan Garlic Allium massaessylum Alho de marrocos	Peak Flowering Period: March to June

			Leaves and Stem.
Belladonna Lily Amaryllis belladonna Açucena	Peak Flowering Period: August to October	An exotic species from Southern Africa.
Roundheaded Leek Allium sphaerocephalon Alho bravo	Peak Flowering Period: May to July
Scarlet Pimpernel Anagallis arvensis Morrião dos campos	Peak Flowering Period: March to June	The common Red form of Scarlet Pimpernel.
		Red and Blue forms growing side by side.		Blue form.
		Rarer Blue form.	Red and blue forms growing together.	Blue form.
Shrubby Pimpernel Anagallis monelli Morrião grande	Peak Flowering Period: March to July


Daisy-leaved Toadflax Anarrhinum bellidifolium Samacalo	Peak Flowering Period: April to July


Undulate Alkanet Anchusa undulata Buglossa ondulada; Língua de vaca ondeada	Peak Flowering Period: February to May

Limestone Lettuce Andryala integrifolia Alface dos calcários; Tripa de ovelha	Peak Flowering Period: April to July
			The English common name used here is based on one of the many Portuguese common names, Alface dos calcários, which means Limestone Lettuce.
Yellow Anemone Anemone palmata Anémona, Flor do vento	Peak Flowering Period: February to May			Basal Leaves.
Mouse Plant Arisarum simorrhinum Candeias	Peak Flowering Period: October to February
Green-flowered Birthwort Aristolochia paucinervis Erva bicha	Peak Flowering Period: February to June
Giant Reed Arundo donax Cana	Invasive Alien. The status of this plant in the reserve is under consideration and the plants may be removed if they are thought to be a threat. Peak Flowering Period: August to October		The Giant reed is an exotic species that has been introduced to Portugal.
Greater Asparagus Asparagus aphyllus Espargo bravo	Peak Flowering Period: May to November
Common Asphodel Asphodelus aestivus Abrótea de verão	Peak Flowering Period: March to August


Yellow Milk Vetch Astragalus boeticus Serradela bética	Peak Flowering Period: January to May
Saltmarsh Aster Aster squamatus Mata jornaleiros	Peak Flowering Period: May to December Invasive Alien.
Slender Oat Avena barbata Balanco bravo	Peak Flowering Period: March to June
Lesser Water Plantain Baldellia repens Baldélia ranunculada	Peak Flowering Period: March to October
Mediterranean Linseed Bartsia trixago (Bellardia trixago) Flor de ouro	Peak Flowering Period: April to June		The flowers can also be yellow.	Mediterranean Linseed is a semi-parasitic plant. It can obtain water nutrients from the roots of other species of plant, especially various grasses. As it is a green plant with chlorophyll, it is also able to make its own food using photosynthesis. It is a member of the broomrape family.
Mediterranean Linseed Bartsia trixago (Bellardia trixago) Flor de ouro	Peak Flowering Period: April to June		The flowers can also be yellow.	Mediterranean Linseed is a semi-parasitic plant. It can obtain water nutrients from the roots of other species of plant, especially various grasses. As it is a green plant with chlorophyll, it is also able to make its own food using photosynthesis. It is a member of the broomrape family.
Narrow-leaved Biarum Biarum tenuifolium arundanum Jarro clandestino	Peak Flowering Period: March to July
Sea Club-Rush Bolboschoenus maritimus Junça maritima	Peak Flowering Period: March to September
Field Mustard Brassica rapa Mostada	Peak Flowering Period: January to ?
Large Quaking Grass Briza maxima Bole bole maior	Peak Flowering Period: March to June

Barley Brome Bromus hordeaceus Bromo cevada	Peak Flowering Period: March to July
Red Bromegrass Bromus rubens Bromo avermelhado	Peak Flowering Period: April to May
Cheatgrass Bromus tectorum Bromo	Peak Flowering Period: March to July
Field Marigold Calendula arvensis Erva vaqueira	Peak Flowering Period: November to April			Field Marigold growing on top of Windmill Ruin.


Portuguese Bellflower Campanula lusitanica Campainhas	Peak Flowering Period: April to July


Rampion Bellflower Campanula rapunculus Campainhas rabanete; Campânula	Peak Flowering Period: April to July



Slender Thistle Carduus tenuiflorus Cardo azul	Peak Flowering Period: March to June

Racemose Carline Thistle Carlina racemosa Cardo amarelo anual	Peak Flowering Period: June to September

Common Centaury Centaurium erythraea Centáurea comum; Fel da terra	Peak Flowering Period: April to August

Mouse-ear Chickweed Cerastium glomeratum Orelha de rato	Peak Flowering Period: February to June
Dusky Dogfennel Chamaemelum fuscatum Margaça de inverno	Peak Flowering Period: November to April
Dusky Dogfennel Chamaemelum fuscatum Margaça de inverno	Peak Flowering Period: November to April

Moroccan Chamomile Chamaemelum mixtum Margaça	Peak Flowering Period: March to June

Crown Daisy Chrysanthemum coronarium Pampilho, Palmequer	Peak Flowering Period: February to May

Common Chicory Cichorium intybus Chicória	Peak Flowering Period: April to August
Nettle-leaved Goosefoot Chenopodiastrum murale Pé de ganso	Peak Flowering Period: November to September
Crispus Rockrose Cistus crispus Roselha	Peak Flowering Period: April to June

Gum Cistus Cistus ladanifer Esteva	Peak Flowering Period: March to May
		A few Gum Cistus plants on the reserve lack the crimson spots at the base of the petals that the majority of the Gum Cistus flowers have.		A crimson-sptted Gum Cistus growing next to an all white Gum Cistus.

Sage-leaved Cistus Cistus salviifolius Saganho mouro	Peak Flowering Period: February to May
			Flower buds and flowers.
Corn Marigold Coleostephus myconis Olhos de boi

Field Bindweed Convolvulus arvensis Corriola campestre	Peak Flowering Period: May to September	Note the Red Velvet Mite on the flower.	This plant, native to Europe and Asia, was introduced to America in around 1739. It has since become a significant alien invasive plant that causes substantial crop losses to farmers there.	Also known as a Morning Glory it is a climbing or creeping herbaceous perennial.
Guernsey Fleabane Conyza sumatrensis Avoadinha marfim	Peak Flowering Period: April to November Introduced Alien Species
Beaked Hawksbeard Crepis vesicaria Almeiroa	Peak Flowering Period: February to June Introduced Alien Species
Wild Thistle Cynara humilis Alcachofra de São João	Peak Flowering Period: March to August
		Dessicated flower head (fallen horizontal).	Developing flower spikes of this thistle species.	Developing flower spikes.

Umbrella Sedge Cyperus eragrostis Junção	Peak Flowering Period: March to September	An Exotic species originally from the U.S.A. As such we will monitor the plant to ensure it does not become invasive.

Common Galingale Cyperus longus Junça de cheiro	Peak Flowering Period: April to August
Yellow Cytinus Cytinus hypocistis Amareladas	Peak Flowering Period: February to July
Flax-leaved Daphne Daphne gnidium Trovisco; Gorreiro; Lauréola macha	Peak Flowering Period: April to November

Wild Carrot Daucus carota Cenoura brava	Peak Flowering Period: May to September	Compound umbel.	Flower spike before flowers have opened.
Brown Bluebell Dipcadi serotinum Jacinto da tarde	Peak Flowering Period: February to May

Yellow Fleabane Dittrichia viscosa Tágueda	Peak Flowering Period: July to November

Purple Viper's Bugloss Echium plantagineum Soagem	Peak Flowering Period: March to June


Common Spikerush Eleocharis palustris Eleocare dos charcos; Junco marreco	Peak Flowering Period: March to August

Greater Willowherb Epilobium hirsutum Erva dos estolhos; Epilóbio eriçado	Peak Flowering Period: May to September
Longbeak Stork's-bill Erodium botrys Agulheta	Peak Flowering Period: March to May	Showing characteristically lobed, but not pinnately lobed, leaves.	Showing very long fruits - the "Stork's Bills".	Showing flowers and Stork's bill-shaped seed heads.
Common Stork's-bill Erodium cicutarium Bico de Cegonha	Peak Flowering Period: February to April		Showing characteristically pinnate leaves.
Iberian Milk Vetch Erophaca baetica Alfavaca dos montes	Peak Flowering Period: December to May
Sweet Fennel Foeniculum vulgare Fiolho	Peak Flowering Period: March to September
Field Fumitory Fumaria agraria Fumária dos campos	Peak Flowering Period: December to June

Purple Milk Thistle Galactites tomentosus Cardo	Peak Flowering Period: March to June

Cleavers Galium aparine Amor de hortelão	Peak Flowering Period: February to July
Lesser Gorse Genista triacanthos Tojo menor	Peak Flowering Period: March to June	The Lesser Gorse (a type of Broom) is Endemic to Iberia and North-West Morocco.	This small shrub is typically found in areas with Cork and Iberian Holm Oaks/Montado.


Cut-leaved Crane's-Bill Geranium dissectum Coentrinho	Peak Flowering Period: February to June
		Finely cut leaves.
Dove's-Foot Cranes-Bill Geranium molle Bico de pomba	Peak Flowering Period: January to June
			Fruits - "Crane's Bills".
Field Gladiolus Gladiolus italicus Gladíolo	Peak Flowering Period: March to May

Corn Daisy Glebionis segetum Pampilho das searas	Peak Flowering Period: February to June		An exotic species introduced from Eastern Europe.
Barbary Nut Gynandriris sisyrhynchium Pé de burro	Peak Flowering Period: February to April	The flowers of the Barbary Nut only open late in the morning/early afternoon.


Spotted Yellow Sun Rose Halimium halimifolium Sargaça das areias	Peak Flowering Period: March to July
Scaly Hawkbit Hedypnois cretica Alface de Creta	Peak Flowering Period: February to June
Gold Everlasting Helichrysum stoechas Perpétuas das areias	Peak Flowering Period: May to September
		Red Mites are present non the flower heads.

Common Heliotrope Heliotropium europaeum Verrucária; Tornassol com pêlos; Erva das verrugas	Peak Flowering Period: March to October

Mouse Barley Hordeum murinum Cevada dos ratos	Peak Flowering Period: March to October
Gecko-Foot Kidney Vetch Hymenocarpos lotoides Patinha de osga; Albaida	Peak Flowering Period: March to June		The English common name used here is based on the Portuguese common name, Patinha de osga, meaning Gecko-Foot (small gecko foot).

Trailing St John's-Wort Hypericum humifusum Erva das mil Folhinhas	Peak Flowering Period: March to September
Flax-leaved St John's-Wort Hypericum linariifolium Hipericão estriado; Pelicão	Peak Flowering Period: May to July	The sepals have stalked black glands. Sepals are individual segments of the calyx.

Coral-necklace Illecebrum verticillatum Aranhões; Erva sanguinha	Peak Flowering Period: March to September
Common Morning Glory Ipomoea indica Glória da manhã	Peak Flowering Period: February to October			This species is an invasive alien. It will be monitored and, if necessary, erdicated before it can become a pest on the reserve.
Bearded Iris Iris germanica Lírio Germânico	Peak Flowering Period: February to April	This is an exotic species that has been introduced in some areas in Portugal.
Sheep's bit scabious Jasione Montana Botão azul	Peak Flowering Period: April to July

Sharp-flowered Rush Juncus acutiflorus Junco de flor aguda	Peak Flowering Period: May to August
Soft Rush Juncus effusus Junco solto	Peak Flowering Period: May to August
Two-leaved Rush Juncus heterophyllus Junco de folhas variadas	Peak Flowering Period: April to July
Prickly Lettuce Lactuca serriola Alface brava	Peak Flowering Period: May to September	Amazingly this plant, which can grow to 2m tall and has large spines on its leaf veins, is the ancestor of our humble supermarket lettuce (Lactuca sativa) !
Golden Dogstail Lamarckia aurea Lamárquia dourada	Peak Flowering Period: February to June
Angled Pea Lathyrus angulatus Cizarão de folha estreita	Peak Flowering Period: March to June		Note the large seed pod on the right.	Note the pairs of lanceolate leaflets and branched tendrils.
Red Vetchling Lathyrus cicera Araca; Chícharo branco	Peak Flowering Period: March to May
French lavender Lavandula stoechas Cabeçuda; Rosmaninho; Arçã	Peak Flowering Period: February to June


Small Tree Mallow Lavatera cretica Malva alta	Peak Flowering Period: March to July


Lesser Hawkbit Leontodon taraxacoides Leituga dos montes	Peak Flowering Period: February to July

Autumn Snowflake Leucojum autumnale Campainhas do outono	Peak Flowering Period: August to November
Amethyst Toadflax Linaria amethystea Esporas bravas	Peak Flowering Period: January to May

Ballast Toadflax Linaria spartea Ansarina dos campos	Peak Flowering Period: February to July
Pale Flax Linum bienne Linho bravo; Linho de inverno	Peak Flowering Period: February to June
Coimbra Trefoil Lotus conimbricensis Loto de coimbra	Peak Flowering Period: March to June
Bird's-foot Trefoil Lotus corniculatus Cornichão	Peak Flowering Period: March to August
Small-flowered Birdsfoot Trefoil Lotus parviflorus Loto de flor miúda	Peak Flowering Period: April to June


Narrow-leaved Lupin Lupinus angustifolius Tremoço bravo	Peak Flowering Period: February to May
			Characteristically narrow leaves.	Seed pods.
		Very upright growth habit.
Yellow Lupin Lupinus luteus Tremoceiro amarelo	Native plant. But also planted to provide a green manure for our Olive Grove. Peak Flowering Period: March to June

		Some plants have Orange flowers.	Yellow Lupin plants sown as seeds in our Olive Grove to provide a green manure. Lupins have nitrogen-fixing bacteria in their root nodules, a trait typical to pea family species.
			Yellow Lupins in flower in the Olive Grove.

Hairy Lupin Lupinus micranthus Tremoço hirsuto	Peak Flowering Period: March to May
Spanish Mallow Malva hispanica Malva de espanha	Peak Flowering Period: April to July
Least Mallow Malva parviflora Malva de flor pequena	Peak Flowering Period: March to June	The flowers are very small compared to the rather vigorous foliage.		Fruit.
		Leaf.
Toothed Medick Medicago polymorpha Carrapiço	Peak Flowering Period: February to June
Pennyroyal Mentha pulegium Hortelâ pimenta mansa	Peak Flowering Period: June to September
Round-leaved Mint Mentha suaveolens Mentastro, Hortelã brava	Peak Flowering Period: June to September			Note the wrinkled leaf surface, typical of this species.

Annual Mercury Mercurialis ambigua Barradoiro	Peak Flowering Period: All Year
Meadow Saffron Merendera filifolia Quita merenda	Peak Flowering Period: September to November
Pale Lesser Snapdragon Misopates calycinum	Peak Flowering Period: March to July
Lesser Snapdragon Misopates orontium Focinho de rato	Peak Flowering Period: March to July

Tassel Grape Hyacinth Muscari comosum Jacinto das searas; Cebolinho de flor azul	Peak Flowering Period: March to May

Jersey Forget-me-not Myosotis debilis Não tem	Peak Flowering Period: April to June	The Jersey Forget-me-not grows in wet meadows, river banks, pond edges and temporary pools. A water-loving plant.	The flowers of this Forget-me-not are tiny.
		The Jersey Forget-me-not is endemic to the Mediterranean basin. It is found in Portugal, Spain, Morocco and Algeria.
Spiked Water Milfoil Myriophyllum spicatum Pinheirinha da água	Peak Flowering Period: May to November
Hoop Petticoat Narcissus Narcissus bulbocodium Campainhas amarelas	Peak Flowering Period: January to April		Photo showing the Narcissus growing in winterbourne stream.


Jonquil Narcissus Narcissus jonquilla Junquilho	Peak Flowering Period: February to April
Paperwhite Daffodil Narcissus papyraceus Narciso de inverno	Peak Flowering Period: January to March
Autumn Narcissus Narcissus serotinus Narciso do outono	Peak Flowering Period: September to November This species is a "Near Threatened" plant in Portugal
Portuguese Catmint Nepeta multibracteata Nêveda ramosa	Peak Flowering Period: May to July		The English common name used here is a translation of an alternate (synonym) Latin binomial name, Nepeta lusitanica, meaning Portuguese Catmint. Lusitanica was the Roman name for Portugal. This species also occurs in Spain, Morocco and Algeria.	The Latin binomial name refers to the many flower bracts.

Oleander Nerium oleander Loendro ; Cevadilha	Peak Flowering Period: February to March and May to August
Hemlock Water-Dropwort Oenanthe crocata Embude, Prego do diabo	Peak Flowering Period: March to July			Luxuriant and vigorous leaf growth.
		This species of umbellifer is water-loving and lives in our river.

Cat-Claw Rest-Harrow Ononis cintrana Unha gata; Unha gata de Sintra; Rilha boi	Peak Flowering Period: April to June
		The common English name used here is a translation of one of the Portuguese common names, Unha gata, which means Cat Claw.
Spiny Restharrow Ononis spinosa Gatunha	Peak Flowering Period: April to July
Green-winged Orchid Orchis morio Erva do salepo	Peak Flowering Period: March to May
				Basal leaves.
Star of Bethlehem Ornithogalum orthophyllum Leite de galinha	Peak Flowering Period: February to May	Star of Bethlehem flowers with a Crab Spider.

Compressed Bird's-Foot Ornithopus compressus Serradela amarela	Peak Flowering Period: March to June	The flowers of this member of the Pea family are very small. Just 5-8mm.	The leaves are produced in 7-18 pairs of leaflets.
		The seed pods have a characteristic curved shape and are much larger than the flowers.
Common Broomrape Orobanche minor Orobanca	Peak Flowering Period: April to June		The Broomrapes are parasitic on the roots of other plants. This species usually attacks legumes, composites and umbellifers.

			This Common broomrape is likely to be parasitising the roots of the yellow legume seen in the photograph.
Hemp Broomrape Orobanche ramosa Erva toira ramosa	Peak Flowering Period: February to May	Hemp Broomrape is a plant without any chlorophyll that lives by parasitising other plants to obtain all its food requirements.

Bermuda Buttercup Oxalis pes-caprae Trevo azedo	Peak Flowering Period: November to April	This is an exotic species that was introduced to Portugal.
			This leaf shape is typical of Oxalis.
Long-headed Poppy Papaver dubium Papoila longa	Peak Flowering Period: March to June

				Long-headed Poppies are orange in colour.

Rough Poppy Papaver hybridum Papoila ouricada; Papoila peluda	Peak Flowering Period: March to May		Rough Poppies have much smaller flowers than Long-headed Poppies and they are a deep red colour.
Common Poppy Papaver rhoeas Papoila	Peak Flowering Period: March to March to July

Yellow Bartsia Parentucellia viscosa Erva peganhenta	Peak Flowering Period: April to June	Yellow Bartsia is a semi-parasitic plant. It has root-like organs known as haustoria that it uses to obtain nutrients from the roots of other species of plant. As it is a green plant with chlorophyll, it is also able to make its own food using photosynthesis. It is a member of the broomrape family.

		Group of Yellow bartsia plants.	Meadow drift including Yellow Bartsia.
Silver Paronychia Paronychia argentea Erva prata; Erva dos unheiros	Peak Flowering Period: February to June
Blue Canarygrass Phalaris coerulescens Alpista azulada	Peak Flowering Period: February to June
Lesser Canarygrass Phalaris minor Alpista menor	Peak Flowering Period: March to June
Lampwick Phlomis lychnitis Salva brava	Peak Flowering Period: April to June

Buck's-Horn Plantain Plantago coronopus Diabelha	Peak Flowering Period: March to July



Hare's Foot Plantain Plantago lagopus Orelha de lebre	Peak Flowering Period: March to June			Leaves of Hare's Foot Plantain.
Ribwort Plantain Plantago lanceolate Corrijó, Língua de ovelha	Peak Flowering Period: March to July

Jersey Cudweed Pseudognaphalium luteo-album Perpétua brava	Peak Flowering Period: February to October
Spanish False Fleabane Pulicaria paludosa Mata pulgas	Peak Flowering Period: April to October
Jersey Buttercup Ranunculus paludosus Ranúnculo dos charcos	Peak Flowering Period: February to May


Pond Water-Crowfoot Ranunculus peltatus Ranúnculo aquático	Aquatic Plant. Peak Flowering Period: February to May	This aquatic plant has submerged and floating leaves. This photograph shows the long, flowing submerged leaves (when water level is higher).		This photo shows both the floating leaves at the surface and the long, filamentous submerged leaves under the water.
		The Pond Water-Crowfoot is a member of the Buttercup family.

Wild Radish Raphanus raphanistrum Saramago	Peak Flowering Period: January to June
Bastard Cabbage Rapistrum rugosum Aneixa	Peak Flowering Period: February to June
Weld or Dyer's Rocket Reseda luteola Lírio dos tintureiros	Peak Flowering Period: March to June
Crocus-leaved Romulea Romulea bulbocodium Nosilha	Peak Flowering Period: January to April

Sheep's Sorrel Rumex acetosella Erva azeda	Peak Flowering Period: March to July			The basal lobes of the leaves characteristically turn upwards.

Red Dock Rumex bucephalophorus Catacuzes	Peak Flowering Period: February to June

Northern Dock Rumex longifolius Labaça comprida	Peak Flowering Period: ??? May			A tall plant - up to 120cm (4 feet).
		It is presumed that the Northern Dock is native to Portugal.
Fiddle Dock Rumex pulcher Labaça sinuosa	Peak Flowering Period: February to July
Rosemary Salvia rosmarinus Alecrim	Peak Flowering Period: October to June
Mediterranean Salad Burnet Sanguisorba verrucosa Pimpinela menor	Peak Flowering Period: March to July

Sweet Scabious Scabiosa atropurpurea Saudades roxas; Suspiros; Suspiros roxos	Peak Flowering Period: April to July


Common Club-Rush Schoenoplectus lacustris Bunho	Peak Flowering Period: April to September
Autumn Squill Scilla autumnalis Cila de outubro	Peak Flowering Period: August to November
Round-headed Club-Rush Scirpoides holoschoenus Bunho	Peak Flowering Period: April to August	Flowers.
				Old seed heads.

Scorpion Plant Scorpiurus muricatus Cornilhão pequeno	Peak Flowering Period: March to June		Note coiled seed pod on centre left of photograph.
		Note coiled seed pod on bottom right of photograph - which supposedly resembles a caterpillar.
Caterpillar Plant Scorpiurus vermiculatus Cornilhão esponjoso	Peak Flowering Period: March to June
		The resemblance of this plant's seed pod to a Caterpillar gives it its English common name.
Common Ragwort Senecio jacobaea Erva de são tiago; Tasna	Peak Flowering Period: May to September		Common Ragwort flowers are an important nectar source for butterflies such as Small Coppers.	Cinnabar Moth caterpillars feeding on Common Ragwort. These caterpillars become toxic to other animals when they eat the poisonous ragwort plants which gives them protection from predators.
			Common Ragwort covered in red mites which feed on the flowers.

Groundsel Senecio vulgaris Tasneirinha	Peak Flowering Period: December to April
		Seed head of Groundsel. The seeds will be dispersed by the wind or any animals brushing past the plant.
Tongue Orchid Serapias strictiflora Erva língua constrita	Peak Flowering Period: March to May		Creamy-yellow variety.

Field Madder Sherardia arvensis Granza dos campos	Peak Flowering Period: February to June

Mediterranean Catchfly Silene colorata Silene rosada	Peak Flowering Period: February to May
Small-flowered Catchfly Silene gallica Erva mel; Nariz de zorra	Peak Flowering Period: March to June

Black Nightshade Solanum nigrum Erva moira	Peak Flowering Period: All Year Round
Common Sow-Thistle Sonchus oleraceus Serralha branca	Peak Flowering Period: January to September
Smooth Sow-Thistle Sonchus tenerrimus Serralha	Peak Flowering Period: February to August
		Bee collecting pollen from Smooth Sow-Thistle flower.
Corn Spurrey Spergula arvensis Cassamelo	Peak Flowering Period: October to July
Purple Sand Spurrey Spergularia purpurea Sapinho roxo	Peak Flowering Period: March to July

Field Woundwort Stachys arvensis Rabo de raposa	Peak Flowering Period: January to May
Lesser Shepherdscress Teesdalia coronopifolia Assembleias pequenas	Peak Flowering Period: December to May
Villous Deadly Carrot Thapsia villosa Canavoura	Peak Flowering Period: April to June



Southern Deadly Carrot Thapsia transtagana Tápsia de folha estreita	Peak Flowering Period: March to May





European Umbrella Milkwort Tolpis barbata Olhos de mocho	Peak Flowering Period: March to July
Spreading Hedgeparsley Torilis arvensis Salsinha	Peak Flowering Period: April to July
Narrow-leaved Crimson Clover Trifolium angustifolium Trevo massaroco, Rabo de gato	Peak Flowering Period: April to July

Hare's-Foot Clover Trifolium arvense Pé de lebre; Trevo branco	Peak Flowering Period: March to July

Hop Trefoil Trifolium campestre Trevo amarelo	Peak Flowering Period: March to July
Clustered Clover Trifolium glomeratum Trevo	Peak Flowering Period: April to July


White Clover Trifolium repens Trevo branco	Peak Flowering Period: March to July
Reversed Clover Trifolium resupinatum Trevo da pérsia; Trevo de flores reviradas	Peak Flowering Period: March to June		The English name is based on the fact that the flowers are reversed, that is to say upside down when compared to other species of clover.

Starry Clover Trifolium stellatum Trevo estrelado	Peak Flowering Period: March to June
Arrowleaf Clover Trifolium vesiculosum Trevo vesiculoso	Peak Flowering Period: April to July
				This species is not Native to Portugal. It is an introduced Exotic species.
		Diagnostic White 'W'-shaped marking on pointed, arrow-shaped, leaves.
Spotted Rock Rose Tuberaria guttata Alcar	Peak Flowering Period: March to June
		The flowers of the Spotted Rock Rose are highly variable. These flowers have very small spots at the base of the petals.	All these flowers are Spotted Rock Rose.	Spotted Rock Rose among variety of other flower species.

Lesser Bulrush Typha angustifolia Tábua estreita	Peak Flowering Period: April to July	Inflorescence of Male Flowers (above the female flowers).	Inflorescence of Female Flowers (below the male flowers).	Lesser Bulrushes with Male and Female flowers.
Southern Cattail Typha domingensis Tábua estreita	Peak Flowering Period: March to August
Silvery Gorse Ulex argenteus Tojo prateado	Peak Flowering Period: November to April
Iberian Gorse Ulex australis welwitschianus Tojo Ibérico ?	Peak Flowering Period: December to April
		This sub-species is Endemic to Portugal.

Iberian Navelwort (I could find no English common name and so have used this name as this species is found mostly in Iberia) Umbilicus heylandianus Sombreirinhos dos telhados	Peak Flowering Period: April to July


Navelwort Umbilicus rupestris Umbigo de vénus	Peak Flowering Period: March to July	Navelwort typically grows in rocks and old walls.
				Navelwort growing on top of Windmill ruin.

Sea Squill Urginea maritima Cebola albarrã	Peak Flowering Period: August to October



Prickly Goldenfleece Urospermum picroides Leituga de burro	Peak Flowering Period: February to July
Purple Vetch Vicia benghalensis Ervilhaca vermelha	Peak Flowering Period: March to June
Yellow Vetch Vicia lutea Ervilhaca amarela	Peak Flowering Period: February to July
Common Vetch Vicia sativa Ervilhaca mansa; Ervilhaca comum	Peak Flowering Period: February to July
		Seed pod.